Responsibility in Islam also covers every action that one is supposed to do as a Muslim and his/her interactions with others. Thus, human beings are responsible towards others including: whoever they interact with, whatever they have been given in this world, the divine duties they are expected to perform, and their surroundings and environment.

The responsibilities of a Muslim towards other human beings were discussed in the first part of the article. Here the focus is on the responsibilities towards some non-humans including divine duties [i] and, the property and belongings.

The Rights of Prayer as One's Responsibility in Islam

The right of the ritual prayer over one is to know that he\she is standing before God. Knowing that one should stand in His presence like a lowly servant who is inclined to approach his lord, and who is fearful and ashamed because of his\her sins, but still hopeful of His mercy [1], is our responsibility in Islam towards our prayers. 

He\she should also magnify Him through stillness, bowing of the head, humbleness of the limbs, yielding of the wing, and by saying the best supplications to Him. Then, one should beseech Him to save him\her from the punishments that he\she deserves for his\her faults and sins [1].

The Rights of Fasting

The right of fasting is to know it as a veil that God has set up over one’s tongue, hearing, and sight, private parts, and stomach, to protect him\her from the Fire. Whoever protects his\her parts of the body with the veil of fasting, can be hopeful to be saved from the punishments and the Fire.

But if one leaves his\her parts of the body to do freely unlawful (Haram) acts (e.g., looking at unlawful things and scenes that incite lust and encourage disobeying God) and does not fear God, he\she won’t be safe anymore [1]. 

The Rights of Pilgrimage

The right of pilgrimage is that one should know that he\she has immigrated from his\her sins to God and is standing in His presence. He\she should also know that it is through the pilgrimage that one’s repentance can be accepted and he\she performs an obligation made incumbent upon him\her by God [1].

The Rights of Charity

Of the rights of charity is to know that it is like storing away with God and is a deposit for which no witness is needed. Hence, it would be better to donate in private other than in public. Also, one should not remind others of what he\she has donated since the charity is like a saving whose benefit returns to the donor.

Otherwise, the same thing might happen to him\her when someone else does him\her a favor. Moreover, reminding others of the charity donated demonstrates the impure intention of the donor; like the tendency to show off or humiliate others [1].  

The rights of Sacrifice [ii]

Of the rights of the offering is to consider it as a way to expose oneself to God’s Mercy. So, one should make offering not for receiving others’ approval, but God’s approval.  Therefore, what others say about the offering should not matter [1].  

The Rights of Property

Of the rights of the belongings and property over one and one's responsibility in Islam towards them are to gain it through lawful (Halal) means, to spend it on lawful (Halal) purposes, and to utilize it such that it brings about blessing and salvation in this world and the Hereafter [1]. Imam Sadiq (AS) said that whoever makes money in unfair ways, he\she will lose it justly [2]. According to Surah Qasas, one should use the wealth that God has granted for doing good to others and preparing for the Hereafter (28:77). 

The property and wealth should be used to get God’s satisfaction. It is narrated from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that God will punish those who forget about the poor people among them and keep on raising money [3]. Hence, one should not prefer his\her belongings to his\her spirit such that he\she hesitate to use them for spiritual progression. Otherwise, others will inherit this property after his\her death. If they utilize the inherited property in unlawful (Haram) ways, he\she will also be punished for that. If the inheritors use the inherited property properly, they are the ones who will be rewarded [1].

Notes:
[i] The acts and practices that are obligatory (Wajib) or recommended (Mustahab) in Islam.
[ii] Animal sacrifice for the sake of God.

References:

1. Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (AS), “Treatise On Rights (Risalat al-Huquq)”.
2. S. al-Harrani “Tuhaf al-Uqul”, p. 321.
3. W. al.Hilli, “Tanbih al-khawatir wa nuzhat al-nawazir”, vol. 1, p. 10.

In the two previous parts of the solutions to depression, we introduced some of the recommendations on how to avoid anxiety and stress in Islam. Those examples included both spiritual and material advice. And they show that Islam considers the existence of human beings as a whole. That is why Islam has forbidden the unlawful (Haram) “temporary solutions” of relieving stress and emotions (like starting a dangerous relationship or spending the time in bars, etc.). Since in those cases, one usually gets nothing for what he\she spends.

Avoid Whatever Damages the Mind and Soul

Many people try to keep up with the newest standards of body hygiene to prevent various diseases. The same should be done for the mental hygiene. Much effort is needed to have a healthy soul and prevent disorders like depression, anxiety, stress in Islam, etc.

Some approaches to reduce depression act like an immediate treatment. The problem with those solutions is that they give a good feeling at the beginning. It normally does not last long and later on results in adverse effects. So, one should avoid whatever undermines the consciousness or causes deeper depression. These are:

All the Intoxicant:

Whatever destroys one’s mind and deprives him of the ability to thinking and reason is a sort of intoxicant, then, must be abandoned [1];

Drinking Alcoholic Beverages

Alcohol is harmful and adversely affects the mind and the body. Imam Reza (AS) said that God has prohibited drinking alcoholic beverages since they contaminate the mind [2];

An Ignorant Companion

 Spending a lot of time with such a person will destroy the wisdom [3] and misleads whoever he/she interacts with;

Overeating

Eating too much will degenerate one’s mind and weaken the thinking power [4,5]. According to Islamic teachings, overeating turns one to a weak-willed, sleepy, stupid person [6];

Idleness and Inaction

 Wasting time and doing nothing in life corrupt the mind [7];

Joking and Laughing Excessively

Making jokes and laughing too much causes one to seem stupid [7].

Moreover, anything that causes one to forget God and weakens one’s faith acts like a poison that darkens one’s soul:

Assuming to Have a Long Life

The one who thinks that will live a long life and forget about his/her death insists on his/her mistakes and cannot catch up. Since he/she supposes that there are still many chances to compensate. This clouds his/her heart and soul [8];

Useless Conversations

Vain conversations and hostility with others will weaken the soul [9];

Owning vast fortune such that the owner becomes too busy with them and forgets about God and his\her religious duties

Having such great wealth can harden the heart [10];

Keep on Doing Sins

Whoever does a sin several times and repents each time but does not stop committing that sin, is known to mock God [11]. It is also said that repeated sins seal and kill the heart [12];

Associating with Those Who Have Gone Astray

To spend time with those who are lost in their lives and oppose the divine guidelines, will mislead one to the wrong path [9]. 

Not Keeping the Gaze Down

Looking freely at any scene and anybody, especially non-Mahrams, causes anxiety and inquietude. Looking at a beautiful flower, for example, might take only some seconds but its smell and beauty stays in our mind longer. The same thing happens when looking at another person; especially due to the emotional impacts that men and women have on each other.

Staring at a non-Mahram will busy one’s mind with different thoughts for some time. It might also stimulate his/her feelings. Repeating these looks will cause one to get distracted and lose control in his/her mind. Also, it disturbs his/her inner peace and causes mental problems [13]. That is why Imam Ali (AS) said: “Whoever keeps the gaze down, relieves” [14].

References:

1. M. al-Kulaynī, “Al-Kafi”, vol. 6, p. 412.
2. S. H. al-Amili, “Wasail al-Shia”, vol. 25, p. 329.
3. Karajaki, “Kanzul Fawaid”, vol. 1, p. 199.
4. H. T. Nuri Ṭabarsi, “Mustadrak al-Wasail”, vol. 16, p. 458.
5. M. B. Majlesi, “Bihar al-Anwar”, vol. 63, p. 72.
6. N. Makarem Shirazi, “Tafsir Nemooneh”, vol. 6, p. 153.
7. “Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim”, p. 222.
8. Ibn Babawayh, “Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih”, vol.4, p. 366.
9. Ibn Babawayh, “Al-Khisal”, p. 228.
10. M. al-Kulaynī, “Al-Kafi”, vol. 2, p. 300.
11. M. al-Kulaynī, “Al-Kafi”, vol. 4, p. 168.
12. Sheikh al-Mufid, “Al-Amali”, p. 83.
13. stress in islam
14. M. Reyshahri, "Mizan al-Hikma," T. 6141".