1. Loving Lady Fatima (AS)

Whoever loves my daughter, Fatima (AS), will be with me in heaven, and whoever holds grudges against her will reside in hell. 

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.27, p.116.

2. The Best in Worshiping Allah

Fatima (AS) is the best companion in the path toward serving and worshiping Allah.

 Bihar al-Anvar, vol.43, p.117.

3. The Dearest

Fatima (AS) is the dearest of people to me.

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Al-Amali, p.259.

4. Lady Fatima (AS), the Joy of Her Father's Heart 

Fatima is of my flesh, who is the light of my eyes and the warmth of my heart.

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Al-Amali, p.486.  

5. Injustice to Lady Fatima (AS)

Woe to whoever does wrong to my daughter, Fatima (AS), after my death.

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.73, p.354.

6. Paying a Visit to Lady Fatima (AS)

Visiting Fatima (AS) equals to visiting me.

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.43, p.58.

7. Part of Her Father, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP)

O’ Fatima (AS)! You are part of me, and I part of you.

 Bihar al-Anvar, vol.43, p.32.

8. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP)'s Deep Love for Her

O’ Fatima (AS)! I’m ready to give my life for you!

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.22, p.490.

9. A Heavenly Angel

Fatima (AS) is an angel who smells like heaven. 

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.87, p.112.

10. An Avid Worshipper 

Verily, Allah has poured faith and belief into the veins of Fatima (AS); thus, she is consistent in worshiping Allah. 

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.24, p.74.

11. Lady Fatima (AS)'s Marriage

I did not give permission for Fatima (AS)’s marriage until I received Allah’s command as to her marriage. 

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, vol.2, p.59. 

12. Lady Fatima (AS)'s Status

My daughter’s light is of Allah, and her status is higher than heaven and earth.

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.15, p.10.

13. The Four Honored Women

Heaven looks forward to four women: Mary, the daughter of Joachim, Asyia, pharaoh’s wife, Khadija, Khuwailad’s daughter, and Fatima (AS), Muhammad (PBUH&HP)’s daughter. 

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.43, p.53.

14. Asking Allah's Pardon for Others

O’ Fatima! I give you the glad tiding of holding a high status in Allah’s regard, which provides you with the power to ask pardon for other people. 

Bihar al-Anvar, vol.76, p.359.
 

After Imam Ali (AS) was martyred, Imam Hassan (AS) took over as his successor who like his father fought against Mu’aviah but he couldn’t defeat him because his army was not sufficiently loyal. His reliable followers were inadequate and he feared that they could be killed in the battle. Thus, Imam Hassan (AS) made a peace treaty with Mu’aviah, under the duress against his own will. 

Mu’aviah became the Caliph under specific circumstances. For instance, he wasn’t allowed to choose the next Caliph and his son (Yazid) couldn’t be his successor. On the other hand, when Mu’aviah died, Imam Hussain (AS) was opposed to and fought against Yazid and he and his followers were brutally martyred. Both Imam Hassan (AS) and Imam Hussain (AS) had few collaborators/ associates/ helpers; however, this did not stop him from protesting against Yazid and his tyranny. 

One of the most controversial questions about Imam Hussain (AS) is that why he did not make peace with Yazid just like his bother did with Mu’aviah? 

The Wrong Belief

It is worth noting that it would be so irrational to think that Imam Hussain (AS) had a different disposition from Imam Hassan (AS), for example one was more of a diplomat while the other was more of a fighter. In fact the objective conditions at the times of two Imams were rather different hence, their approach apparently differed. 

1.    Mu’aviah was willing to make peace with Imam Hassan (AS) but Yazid wasn’t like his father. Mu’aviah did not want to fight against either Imam Hassan (AS) or Imam Hussain (AS) and they were not prepared to do so. Once the governor of Medina wrote to Mu’aviah that Hussain (AS) does not want to take over the kingdom for now but he may do in the future. Mu’avia wrote to the ruler:
Leave Hussain (AS) and do not bother him because we don’t want to conflict with him while he is in peace with us (1)

On the other hand, when Yazid became the Caliph, he ordered the  governor of Medina to make Imam Hussain (AS) to either obtain the oath of loyalty (to the Caliphate of Yazid) or failing that, kill Imam Hussain (AS), cut off his head and send it to Yazid.

2.    In public Mu’aviah was, at least superficially, a pious person who would not commit sins or harm innocent people. Sometimes even the followers of Imam Ali (AS) had doubts about the impiety of Mu’aviah. While Yazid had no reservations, he would commit sins in public including drinking wine, playing with dogs and monkeys and etc. As in  this regard Imam Hussain (AS) said:
Yazid is an alcoholic person and kills innocent people and does sins in public, so a person like me wouldn’t accept a person like him as their king (2)

3.    Mu’aviah was a very powerful king with strong army but Yazid was not as clever and strong.

4.    The loyalty of many of Imam Hassan’s (AS) followers was questionable.   Some abandoned him and some others tried to kill him or even surrender him to Mu’aviah. But the companions of Imam Hussain (AS), as he himself said, were of a better and more loyal caliber. (3)

5.    Mu’aviah was among the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) which earned him the respect of Muslims in general whereas Yazid was not a companion of the Prophet (PBUH) was so important to Muslims in that time and people would respect him so much. But Yazid wasn’t a companion of the Prophet. 

6.     Mu’aviah’s sister (Um Habibah) was the Prophet’s wife. Since the prophet’s wives are called ‘’the mothers of the believers ‘’; therefore, Mu’aviah was called “the uncle of the believers”. Yazid, however, did not have such status.

7.    Although he did not meet any of his commitments that he had already made, Mu’aviah could say that he is legally the caliph because of the peace agreement between him and Imam Hassan (AS) because Yazid could not claim such legitimately. 

Imam Hussain (AS) and respect to the Peace

Some people think that Imam Hussain (AS) didn’t agree with his brother in making peace with Mu’aviah however because of his respect for his brother, he observed the peace treaty and did not oppose Muaviah. However, this view about Imam Hussain is not right.

If we assume/Supposing that Imam Hussain (AS) did not actually agree with his senior brother, he could fight against Mu’aviah; because, the latter broke his agreement that he had made with Imam Hassan (AS), when he made his son, Yazid, his successor and Imam Hussain (AS) had no agreement with Muaviah however the circumstances of Imam Hussain were unsuitable for an uprising against Muaviah.

References 

1.  Bihar al-anvar, Majlesi, vol.44, pg.212
2.  Maghtal al-Hussain (AS), Abd ar-Razzaq al-Muqarram, pg.129
3. Musnad al-Imam ash-Shahid, al-Atarodi, vol.2, pg.4