The Cambridge dictionary defines wisdom as using knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments. (1) The most similar equivalent for this word in Arabic is the word  “حکمة” (“Hikmah”) which denotes justice, knowledge and tolerance. (2) 

This word has been used so many times in the holy Quran and has a special meaning in  Islamic literature. The holy Quran says:
Allah grants wisdom to whomever He wishes, and he, who is given wisdom, is certainly given an abundant good, and none takes admonition except those who possess intellect. (2:269) 
About this verse of the Quran, Imam Sadiq (AS) says:
(In this verse) Allah The Almighty has portrayed the intellectuals in the best way. (3)

Hikmah is the message of the Prophets

Allah The Almighty has rapidly pointed out this fact that He has sent the prophets with “Hikmah” and they should teach people how to be wise. The holy Quran says:

Allah certainly favored the faithful when He raised up among them an apostle from among themselves to recite to them His signs (the verses of Quran) and to purify them and teach them the Book and wisdom, and earlier they had indeed been in manifest error. (3:164)
And:
There have already come to them, reports (via the Prophets) containing admonishment, [and representing] far-reaching wisdom; but warnings are of no avail! (4:54)
Also: 
Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice and dispute with them in a manner which is the best manner.. (16:125)
And: 
When Jesus brought those manifest proofs, he said, ‘I have certainly brought you wisdom, and [I have come] to make clear to you some of the things that you differ about, so be wary of Allah and obey me. (43:63)

Allah almighty even says that the holy Quran is a book full of wisdom:
These are among [precepts] that your Lord has revealed to you of wisdom. (17:39)
These are the signs of the wise Book (31:2)

What is wisdom in the eyes of Allah?

The original meaning of the word “Hikmah” is wisdom, knowledge and tolerance and the ability to use your knowledge in the best way; but Allah The Almighty prefers some special kinds of wisdom. The verses of the Quran and the hadiths, try to clarify the true meaning of wisdom from Islamic sight.

Obedience towards Allah 

•    Abu-Basir, one of the brilliant pupils of Imam Sadiq (AS) once asked him about the verse; “He grants wisdom to whomever He wishes (2:269)”. Imam Sadiq (AS) replied, “That (Wisdom) is obeying Allah and knowledge about Islam” (4)
•    Imam Baqir (AS) also says that “Hikmah” means: “not to commit the sins that Allah has ordained for it the Hell as a punishment” (5)
•    Once Prophet Muhammad (PBUH & HP) asked a group of people who they are.
They said that they are some faithful people.
The Prophet (PBUH & HP) asked: “What are the signs of your faith?”
They said: “We are content about what Allah has planned for us and we are submissive to the order of our God and we trust in him for everything.”
The Prophet said: “You are so knowledgeable and wise the way that your wisdom can almost make you like prophets.” (6)

Knowing our Imams

Imam Sadiq (AS) about the verse “…and he, who is given wisdom, is certainly given an abundant good (2:269)” said ,“The abundant good is knowing Imam Ali (AS) and the other Imams (AS)” (7) 
He also said: “(The “Hikmah” mentioned in the verse is) obeying Allah and knowing the Imam (of your time)”
In Arabic, the word “جهل” (Jahl) means “Ignorance”, which can be considered the opposite of “Hikmah”. So anyone who is not “Hakim” (wise) is “Ignorant” in Islamic culture. There is a hadith narrated from the Prophet (PBUH & HP) in which he said:

Anyone who dies while they don’t have an Imam will have died like a person in the ages of ignorance (8)

This hadith has been narrated by all Muslims’ Sunnis and Shiites and the authenticity of this record is undeniable. 
About knowing the Imam, Imam Sadiq (AS) also said:
Anyone from among the followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH & HP) who understands the status and the rights of their Imam, will find how delightful  having faith is.(9)

Understanding Religion

The last meaning of “Hikmah” mentioned in the Hadiths is “Fiqh” (jurisprudence) which means “Understanding”. In Islamic culture, this word is  employed  to define a deep understanding of religion and profound knowledge about  it . (10)
Imam Sadiq (AS) said: 

“Hikmah is the knowledge about religion and understanding it (Fiqh). Therefore, anyone who understands the teachings of the religion is a “Hakim” (a wise person). Indeed above all, Satan wishes the ones who deeply understand religion, to be dead.” (11)
The Holy Prophet (PBUH & HP) said: 
Allah has given me the Quran and he also gave me Hikmah just like the Quran and every house which therein is no Hikmah is nothing but a ruined place. So learn Fiqh and get to know the religion so that you don’t die like ignorant people. (12)

To wrap up, in the Islamic view, “wisdom” means knowing how to live as a good servant of Allah and living the same way. As you see, all the meanings mentioned in the Quran and the Hadiths are about knowledge of religion and living the way religion indicates. Knowing your Imam (who is the leader Allah has chosen for you) is the best way to understand what you should do and how you should obey the orders of Allah.  It is then obvious that all these different meanings and teachings employ a common concept which is obeying the order of Allah after having enough knowledge about it.  
It is then obvious that all these different meanings and teachings employ a common concept; obeying the orders of Allah after gaining and enjoying competent knowledge about them.

Resources

1.  https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/wisdom 
2. Al-Ain, Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, vol.3, pg.66
3. Al-Kafi, Sheikh Koleini, vol.1, pg.13
4. Tafsir noor ath-Thiqhlain, al-Huvaizi, vol.1, pg.287
5. Tafsir, Al-Ayyashi, vol.1, pg.151
6. At-Tohid, Sheikh Saduq, pg.371
7. Tafsir noor ath-Thiqhlain, al-Huvaizi, vol.1, pg.287
8.  Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, vol.28, pg.88
9.  Basa’ir ad-Darajat, Muhammad ibn Hassan as-Saffar, pg.412
10.  Sihah, al-Johari, vol.6, pg.2243
11.  Tafsir, al-Ayyashi, vol.1, pg.151
12.  Majma al-Bayan, Sheikh at-Tabarsi, vol.2, pg.194
     

One of the main differences between Islamic and non-Islamic lifestyle is manifested in the eating habits. Not eating pork and not drinking wine are two of these practices which are indeed evident in the life of a Muslim.  This article will briefly analyze some of the reasons why Muslims do not consume pork.  

However, it is important to keep in mind that the central philosophy behind all religious rules including Islamic rules and regulations is only known by the All-Wise and All-Knowing God who is the Creator of the whole universe and all the creatures.

Religious Reasons:

Pork is forbidden in different Divine religions. For instance, the Bible says about pork: "And the swine ...  he is unclean to you. Of the flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcass shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you." (Leviticus, 11:7-8). The same command is repeated in Deuteronomy, 14:8.

Christians often depict Satan in religious anecdotes in the form of a pig. The Gospel of Barnabas mentions that Pig is Satan personified and that the pig’s body has the spirit of Satan. The present Bible among the Christians (Matthew 8-32 Marks 5-13, Luke 8: 28-39) describes how Jesus thrust the soul of Satan inside the herd of swine and sent them towards the river [1].

In Islam, there are two primary sources for understanding the orders of Allah: the Quran and the Sunnah [2].  Both the Holy Quran and Sunnah have equal status as far as the obligatory orders (wajibat) are concerned. If one wajib is mentioned in Sunnah only, it has the same weight as one said in the holy Quran only [3] and vice versa.  Both sources mention that eating pork is forbidden.

Allah has announced that eating pork is forbidden in several verses of the Holy Quran:

“You are prohibited carrion, blood, the flesh of swine …” (5:3).

The unclean nature of swine flesh is stated in the following verse:

“Say, ‘I do not find in what has been revealed to me that anyone be forbidden to eat anything except carrion or spilled blood, or the flesh of swine —for that is indeed unclean— or an impiety offered to other than Allah.’ …” (6:145)

The same concept is declared in the verses (2:173) and (16:115).

Imam Reza (AS) mentions regarding the prohibition of pork, “The Almighty Allah has prohibited (made Haram) Pork because it is a horrible and dreadful animal that Allah has created for men to derive lessons from. People should also refrain from sensuality and shameless deeds that cause such a terrible appearance. And that they fear from being transformed into pigs by Almighty Allah. (In the description of past nations it is mentioned that people who committed sexual promiscuity are changed into pigs in the Intermediate world (Barzakh) [i], and they shall be raised as pigs in the Judgment Day (Qiyamat)).

Also, pigs were allowed to exist so that they are a reminder of the metamorphosis (Maskh) [ii] of previous nations into pigs. The second reason for prohibiting pork is that the staple diet of pigs consists of extremely impure (Najis) and filthy things, and its blood contains innumerable harmful germs.” [4]

Imam Sadiq (AS) said,“The Almighty Allah metamorphosed many nations into animals. Among them are pigs, monkeys, and bears, etc. After this these animals were prohibited from being eaten so that people derive lessons from them and do not consider the sin minor.”[5]

Pork is very harmful to the body but we mention below only some of its harmful effects.

Scientific Reasons:

The present-day science of parasitology has proven some serious diseases in human beings caused by the bacteria and germs found in pork.  Pork is the main carrier of many germs and parasites such as Faciolopsis buski, Paragonimus, Clonorchis sinesis, Erysipelothrix rhusiophathiae [6]. Moreover, Dr. Joseph Mercola has cited the following diseases caused by pork: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), the Nipah Virus, Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) and Menangle Virus [7].

On the whole, the pig is the cause of many serious and fatal diseases, among them, dysentery, trichinosis, tapeworm, roundworm, hookworm, jaundice, pneumonia, suffocation, intestinal obstruction, acute pancreatitis, enlargement of liver, diarrhea, emaciation, stone formation in liver, cancer, anemia, high fever, hindrance of growth development in children, typhoid, lameness, heart trouble, abortion, sterility, and sudden death [8].

It is important to note that despite hard efforts in medical science, many of the pig parasites cannot be eliminated by antibiotics, drugs or vaccines.

Some people assert that by present day means it is possible to eliminate all these parasites and make pork devoid of them, but even upon the supposition that use of sanitary equipment or cooking of meat at high temperatures eliminates all the parasites, nevertheless the harms associated with pork cannot be denied for according to the incontrovertible law, the meat of every animal bears the traits of that animal and, by means of the glands and the hormones secreted by them, influences the conduct of those who consume it.

Thus, consuming pork may transfer the attributes of sexual depravity and indifference towards the affairs of the womenfolk of the family - the most blatant traits of the male members of this species - into the person who consumes it.  And perhaps, one of the reasons for the excessive sexual profligacy dominant in the West could be consumption of the meat of this sordid animal [9].

So since the scope of science and the knowledge of human beings are limited, there might be other harms still undiscovered. However, even if human beings find some way of eliminating all the physical and spiritual harms of something, it does not mean that the forbidden (Haram) law of God becomes permissible (Halal). As mentioned at the beginning of the article, we must submit to the will of God as the Creator of the whole world and the Only One who truly knows about what is good and bad for the creatures and why.

Notes:

[i] The stage between this world and the hereafter

[ii] In Arabic, Maskh means for something to change form to an uglier one. In the Quran and Islamic tradition, this term refers to a specific divine punishment which was sent upon the wrongdoers and wrongdoing nations in the past (of course not all wrongdoers, but those who committed certain wrong acts) which can be called metamorphosis. For more information, please refer to http://www.islamquest.net/en/archive/question/fa614

References:

1. eating in Islam
2. Sunnah means the sayings, actions and silent approval of the Holy Prophet and the Holy Imams (PBUT).
3. islamic laws
4. Uyun al-Akhbar ar-Riďa & Wasa’il al-Shia, ch.1 
5. food in Islam
6. eating pork in Islam
7. all about pork meat